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Contents

Acknowledgements
Foreword by the DGs
Executive Summary

I. Medical technologies: the fundamentals

• A. Public health and medical technologies: the imperative for international cooperation
• B. The cooperating agencies: the WHO, WIPO and the WTO
• C. The global burden of disease and global health risks
• D. Factors shaping public health policy

II. The policy context for action on innovation and access

• A. Public health policy
• B. Intellectual property, trade and other policy dimensions
• C. Economics of innovation and access to medical technologies
• D. Traditional knowledge and traditional medicine

III. Medical technologies: the innovation dimension

• A. Historical pattern of medical R&D
• B. The current R&D landscape
• C. Overcoming market failure: the challenge of neglected diseases
• D. Intellectual property rights in the innovation cycle
• E. Sharing of influenza viruses and access to vaccines and other benefits

IV. Medical technologies: the access dimension

• A. Access to medical technologies: the context
• B. Health systems-related determinants of access
• C. IP-related determinants of access
• D. Other trade-related determinants for improving access