Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights
(as amended on 23 January 2017)

The TRIPS Agreement is Annex 1C of the Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization, signed in Marrakesh, Morocco on 15 April 1994.

The TRIPS Agreement was amended through the Protocol of 6 December 2005 that entered into force on 23 January 2017. The amendment inserted a new Article 31bis into the Agreement as well as an Annex and Appendix. These provide the legal basis for WTO members to grant special compulsory licences exclusively for the production and export of affordable generic medicines to other members that cannot domestically produce the needed medicines in sufficient quantities for their patients.

PREAMBLE to the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights

PART I General Provisions and Basic Principles

PART II Standards Concerning the Availability, Scope and Use of Intellectual Property Rights

1. Copyright and Related Rights

2. Trademarks

3. Geographical Indications

4. Industrial Designs

5. Patents

6. Layout-Designs (Topographies) of Integrated Circuits

7. Protection of Undisclosed Information

8. Control of Anti-Competitive Practices in Contractual Licences

PART III Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights

1. General Obligations

2. Civil and Administrative Procedures and Remedies

3. Provisional Measures

4. Special Requirements Related to Border Measures

5. Criminal Procedures

PART IV Acquisition and Maintenance of Intellectual Property Rights and Related Inter-Partes Procedures

PART V Dispute Prevention and Settlement

PART VI Transitional Arrangements

PART VII Institutional Arrangements; Final Provisions

Annex and Appendix to the TRIPS Agreement

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> Explanatory note

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The texts reproduced in this section do not have the legal standing of the original documents which are entrusted and kept at the WTO Secretariat in Geneva.

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Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (as amended on 23 January 2017)