J
Enabling Clause notifications
GSP schemes GATT 63
special treatment of least-developed countries GATT 79
Japan ?Alcoholic Beverages I (GATT Panel), national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2), 搃n excess of those applied?(GATT III:2, first sentence), methodology of comparison GATT 266
Japan ?Agricultural Products II (AB), WT/DS76/AB/R, DSR 1999:I
ALOPs (SPS 5.4?.6 and Annex A(5))
measures 搉ot more trade restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of ?protection?(SPS 5.6)
burden of proof SPS 259
cumulative elements (SPS 5.6 footnote 3) SPS 258
burden of proof (general rules)
impossible burden, proving a negative DSU 566
onus probandi actori incumbit SPS 32
panel抯 right to seek information and advice (DSU 13/SPS 11.2), relevance DSU 556
prima facie case requirement, establishment of party抯 case by panel, exclusion SPS 278, 421, DSU 556, 766
scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 2.2) SPS 34
harmonization of SPS measures (SPS 3), measures which result in a higher level of protection (SPS 3.3), rational relationship between measure and available information as SPS 96
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), identification of product, need for DSU 229
information or technical advice, panel抯 right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2)
burden of proof and DSU 556
comprehensive nature of panel抯 authority DSU 737, 766
limitations on panel抯 role SPS 39, 121
panel抯 rights, right to assess facts SPS 39
judicial economy, 損ositive solution to dispute? requirement (DSU 3.7)/false judicial economy and DSU 652
搈easures at issue?(DSU 6.2), legal instrument as DSU 263
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, 搒ufficient? SPS 25
proportionality, risk based on scientific evidence SPS 30
provisional adoption of SPS measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7) SPS 53
cumulative requirements SPS 293
as qualified exemption/autonomous right SPS 36, 53, 287, 289
review within 揳 reasonable period of time? SPS 293, 318
搒eek to obtain additional information?for more objective assessment of risk SPS 310
relationships within and between agreements
SPS 2/SPS 5, 6, 7 and 8 SPS 67
SPS 2.2/SPS 3.3, 5.1 and 5.7 SPS 27, 96
risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1?.3), 搒cientific justification?(SPS 3.3) and SPS 96
risk assessment (SPS Annex A(4)(4)), elements/three-pronged test SPS 147 n. 183
scientific evidence, need for sufficient (SPS 2.2)
burden of proof, presumption of no relevant studies or report/proving a negative SPS 34
rational and objective relationship between SPS measure and scientific evidence, need for SPS 30, 96
ad hoc determination SPS 30
搒ufficient? SPS 25
context (SPS 3.3, 5.1 and 5.7) SPS 27
patent insufficiency SPS 28
as relational concept SPS 53
SPS Agreement, burden of proof, scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 5.7) SPS 36
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), 搊bjective assessment of the facts?alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence, egregious error, need for DSU 616
transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B)
publication of regulations (Annex (B)(1)-(2)) SPS 355, 539
publication requirements (Annex (B)(1)-(2)), 揝PS regulations?for purpose of, legal instruments as 搈easure? DSU 263
Japan ?Agricultural Products II (Panel), WT/DS76/R, DSR 1999:I
ALOPs (SPS 5.4?.6 and Annex A(5))
measures 搉ot more trade restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of ?protection?(SPS 5.6)
alternative measure 搒ignificantly less restrictive to trade? SPS 277
揳ppropriate level? determination
Member抯 prerogative SPS 268
Member抯 right SPS 268
sufficient scientific evidence (SPS 2.2) and SPS 282?a href="sps_02_e.htm#283">3
arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, exclusion (SPS 2.3), elements of violation SPS 38
burden of proof (general rules), prima facie case requirement, presumption of no relevant studies or report/proving a negative SPS 34
provisional adoption of SPS measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7) SPS 52
as qualified exemption/autonomous right SPS 52
relationships within and between agreements
SPS 2/SPS 5, 6, 7 and 8 SPS 67
SPS 2.2/SPS 5.6 SPS 283
risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1?.3), standard/powers of review (panel) SPS 38
SPS Agreement, burden of proof, scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 2.2) SPS 34
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), risk assessment (SPS Agreement), exclusion SPS 38
transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B)
publication requirements (Annex (B)(1)-(2))
failure to publish as breach of SPS 5.7 obligations SPS 355
provision of information distinguished SPS 543
揝PS regulations?for purpose of SPS 540
non-mandatory measures SPS 541
Japan ?Alcoholic Beverages I (GATT Panel), L/6216, BISD 34S/83, directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), methodology of comparison, 揼rouping? approach GATT 301 n. 436
Japan ?Alcoholic Beverages II (AB), WT/DS8/AB/R, WT/DS10/ AB/R, WT/DS11/AB/R, DSR 1996:I
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), written reponses (ABWP 28) DSU 1458
customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law (DSU 3.2)
DSU 3.2 AD 249 n. 349
supplementary means of interpretation (VCLT 32) as DSU 55, 1629
directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2)
搇ike products?distinguished/as sub-category GATT 254?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#255">5
methodology of comparison, 揼rouping?approach GATT 301 n. 436
object and purpose GATT 293?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#294">4
relevant factors GATT 298
end-uses GATT 298
nature of product GATT 298
physical properties GATT 298
tariff classifications GATT 298
GATT 1947/WTO continuity
decisions, procedures and customary practices under GATT 1947 (WTO XVI:1) (GATT acquis)
legal status of panel reports, as acquis (WTO Art. XVI:1) WTO 275, GATT 169 n. 240, DSU 820, 899
as means of ensuring continuity WTO 275
panel reports (adopted) WTO 275, 279, GATT 9, 169 n. 240, DSU 820
GATT 1994, constituent elements (GATT 1994 1), 搊ther decisions of the Contracting Parties to GATT 1947?(GATT 1994 1 (b)(iv)), adopted panel reports, whether
General Council (WTO IV:2), functions, interpretation of WTO Agreement WTO 197
interpretation of covered agreements
responsibility for (WTO IX:2)
General Council (WTO IV:2) WTO 197
Ministerial Conference WTO 197
interpretation of covered agreements, applicable law, customary rules of interpretation of public international law [as codified in the VCLT] WTO 8, GATT 314
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions
揳ny subsequent practice ?which establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation?(VCLT 31(3)(b)), adopted panel report WTO 197, DSU 1581
certainty of the law/flexibility, balance GATT 314, DSU 42
different language in same agreement, GATT III:2, first and second sentences GATT 306?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#307">7
effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile) GATT 218, 226
meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase WTO 19, GATT 226, DSU 1612
effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to omissions DSU 1614
evolutionary approach/intertemporal law DSU 42
interpretative notes (Ad Articles) GATT 236
legitimate expectations (including GATT II:5 provisions) WTO 279
panel reports and GATT 169, 169 n. 240, DSU 820
narrow/broad interpretation GATT 241, 260
object and purpose GATT 237
supplementary means (VCLT 32)
as customary international law rule DSU 55, 1629
as rule of customary international law DSU 1629
text/plain language (VCLT 31(2)) DSU 1549
as a whole/holistic/harmonious exercise GATT 330
legal status of panel reports, 搊ther decisions of the Contracting Parties to GATT 1947?(GATT 1994 1(b)(iv)), whether WTO 275, GATT 169 n. 240, DSU 820, 899
搇ike product?(GATT III:2 and III:4)
determination of 搇ikeness? as a relative concept (揳ccordion?/case-by-case approach GATT 241, 260, 344
directly competitive or substitutable products distinguished GATT 254?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#255">5, 305
narrow/broad indetermination of 搇ikeness? interpretation, narrow interpretation GATT 241, 260
relevant factors
Border Tax Adjustment, Working Party on GATT 241, 260
consumer preferences GATT 241
cross-price elasticity GATT 286
end-uses GATT 241
physical properties GATT 241
tariff bindings GATT 246
tariff classifications GATT 245?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#246">6, 343 n. 503
national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1)
applicability to products not subject of tariff concession under GATT II GATT 205
interpretation of GATT III as a whole and
effectiveness principle GATT 226
GATT III:1 as context GATT 226
interpretation of WTO Agreement as a whole and GATT 413
搒o as to afford protection? GATT 201
equality of competitive conditions, protection of competitive relationship GATT 220
omission from GATT III:2, first sentence, relevance GATT 237
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
customary rules of interpretation of public international law and GATT 314
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2, first sentence), aims and effects test/policy purpose GATT 213, 215?6, 274
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2, second sentence)
GATT III:2, first sentence test distinguished GATT 283
搉ot similarly taxed?distinguished GATT 311
as separate elements GATT 283
determination of violoation, elements (GATT III:2, first sentence), 搇ike product?and 搃n excess of? GATT 237
first and second sentences distinguished GATT 230, 283
general principle (GATT III:1) and GATT 218, 226, 237
搃n excess of those applied?(GATT III:2, first sentence)
搉ot similarly taxed?distinguished GATT 306?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#307">7
regulatory objectives, relevance GATT 274
Interpretative Note Ad Article III:2, status GATT 236, 282
搉ot similarly taxed?(Ad Article III) GATT 283
搒o as to afford protection?distinguished GATT 311
threshold/de minimis differential GATT 306?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#307">7, 313
搒o as to afford protection?/p>
design and structure of measure as evidence of protective application GATT 312
intention of legislators/regulators, relevance GATT 316
tariff roles as evidence of GATT 315
tax differentials as evidence of protective application GATT 313
as strict standard GATT 265
precedent, GATT panel reports GATT 237
preparatory work (VCLT 32), AD 3.4 AD 249 n. 349
relationships within and between agreements
GATT III/WTO Agreement GATT 413
GATT III:1/GATT III as a whole GATT 218, 226
rules of origin disciplines (RO 2) (transition period), trade objectives, exclusion as instrument of (RO 2(b)), intention, relevance RO 5
security and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 3.2), evolutionary approach/intertemporal law and GATT 314, DSU 42
sovereignty, sovereignty/treaty benefits balance DSU 1733
WTO Agreement, preamble, 搒ecure and predictable? WTO 8
Japan ?Alcoholic Beverages II (Panel), WT/DS8/R, WT/DS10/R, WT/DS11/R, DSR 1996:I
directly competitive or substitutable products (GATT III:2), as dynamic relationship (including possibility of latent demand) GATT 294
interim review (DSU 15), 損recise aspects of the interim report? limitation to (DSU 15.2) DSU 778
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, 揳ny subsequent practice 厀hich establishes the agreement of the parties regarding its interpretation? (VCLT 31(3)(b)), panel report (adopted) WTO 279, DSU 1581
搇ike product?GATT III:2 and III:4)
burden of proof GATT 240
GATT III:4 compared GATT 258
national treatment, general principle (GATT III:1), applicability to products not subject of tariff concession under GATT II GATT 205
national treatment, tax discrimination (GATT III:2)
determination of violation, elements (GATT III:2, second sentence), burden of proof GATT 284
搃n excess of those applied?(GATT III:2, first sentence), burden of proof GATT 240
搒o as to afford protection? GATT 315
Japan ?Alcoholic Beverages II (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS8/15, WT/DS10/15, WT/DS11/13, DSR 1997:I
搑easonable period?for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations)
participation of all original parties DSU 1092
損articular circumstances? DSU 1042
limited role of executive DSU 1077
structural adjustment, relevance of need for DSU 1062 n. 1647
Japan ?Apples dispute (WT/DS245)
expert evidence, Article 21.5 proceedings DSU 1172
review of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5)
ad hoc procedural agreements
appointment of panellist DSU 1171
experts DSU 1172
搒equencing?(interrelationship between Article 21.5 and Article 22.6 arbitration, ad hoc procedural agreements), agreement not to object to Article 22.6 arbitration DSU 1165
Japan ?Apples (AB), WT/DS245/AB/R, DSR 2003:IX SPS 132
burden of proof (general rules)
burden of proof (general rules), panel抯 rights, to assess facts SPS 39
prima facie case requirement SPS 40
evidence necessary to establish, determination case-by-case approach SPS 35
expert evidence (DSU 13.2)
establishment of prima facie case and SPS 40
expert evidence/Member抯 scientific evidence, primacy SPS 41, DSU 609
expert evidence (DSU 13.2/SPS 11.2), establishment of prima facie case and SPS 40
margin of discretion [in accordance with due process] (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3), evaluation of evidence (DSU 11) and DSU 609, 613 n. 1002
notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)), notification of allegation of panel抯 failure to make objective assessment (DSU 11) DSU 1429
notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)(d)), clear allegation of panel抯 failure to make objective assessment (DSU 11) DSU 1429
provisional adoption of SPS measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7)
搃nsufficient? SPS 295?a href="sps_02_e.htm#296">6
scientific uncertainty/controversy, relevance SPS 296
relationships within and between agreements
SPS 2.2/SPS 5.7 SPS 41
risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1?.3)
ascertainable and theoretical risk distinguished (SPS 5.1)
quantitative threshold, relevance SPS 163
scientific prudence SPS 163
methodology, parties?right to choose SPS 520
specificity of assessment, need for (SPS 5.1 and 5.2) SPS 514, 520
搒ufficient scientific evidence?requirement (SPS 2.2) and, divergence of expert views, relevance SPS 40
types of risk (搇ikelihood?vs 損otential?, 搇ikelihood? 揳ccording to SPS measures which might be applied? SPS 511
risk assessment (SPS Annex A(4)(4)), specificity of assessment, need for SPS 157, 514
scientific evidence, need for sufficient (SPS 2.2), standard of review, 搊bjective assessment of matter before it? SPS 41
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), law vs fact, panel as trier of facts DSU 609
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
DSU 11 (function of panel) claims and claims relating to substantive provisions distinguished DSU 1429
搊bjective assessment of the facts?/alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence, discretion in assessment of evidence DSU 609
搊bjective assessment of matter before it? expert evidence, panel抯 obligation to make independent assessment SPS 41, DSU 609
Japan ?Apples (Panel), WT/DS245/R, DSR 2003:IX
ALOPs (SPS 5.4?.6 and Annex A(5))
measures 搉ot more trade restrictive than required to achieve their appropriate level of ?protection?(SPS 5.6)
alternative measure 搒ignificantly less restrictive to trade? 搕aking into account technical and economic feasibility? SPS 264
SPS 2.2 and SPS 51
burden of proof (general rules)
burden of proof (general rules), allocation, responding party SPS 33
onus probandi actori incumbit SPS 33, DSU 542
prima facie case requirement
establishment of party抯 case by panel, exclusion SPS 548
evidence necessary to establish, determination case-by-case approach SPS 35
scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 2.2) SPS 32?a href="sps_01_e.htm#36">6
due process (dispute settlement proceedings), opportunity to respond to evidence/presentations of other parties, timing of submission of evidence (DS 12) and DSU 627
evidence (panel) (DSU 12), time杔imits for submission, panel抯 right to admit 搇ate?/new evidence, opportunity to comment, need for DSU 627
expert evidence (DSU 13.2/SPS 11.2), need for experts, determination by panel with the agreement of the parties SPS 398
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, effectiveness principle (ut res magis valeat quam pereat/effet utile), meaning to be attributed to every word and phrase SPS 29
legal basis of claim / 揷laim?/ 搈atter referred?(DSU 6.2/7.1), arguments distinguished DSU 412
搈easures at issue?DSU 6.2), several instruments as single measure DSU 276
provisional adoption of SPS measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7), burden of proof, SPS 5.7 as alternative defence, relevance SPS 326
relationships within and between agreements
SPS 2.2 and 2.3/SPS 5.4?.6 SPS 51
risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1?.3)
ascertainable and theoretical risk distinguished (SPS 5.1), scientific prudence SPS 163
explanation for measure allegedly in breach of SPS 5, burden of proof, relevance SPS 341 n. 426
types of risk (搇ikelihood?vs 損otential?, 搇ikelihood? according to SPS measures which might be applied SPS 511
risk assessment (SPS Annex A(4)(4)), types of risk (搇ikelihood?vs 損otential?, 損otential? 損robable? distinguished SPS 509
scientific evidence, need for sufficient (SPS 2.2)
burden of proof SPS 32?a href="sps_01_e.htm#36">6
cumulative test SPS 31
equivalence (SPS 4), relevance SPS 43
rational and objective relationship between SPS measure and scientific evidence, need for SPS 31
搒cientific evidence? SPS 29
scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 2.2) SPS 35
搒ufficient? context (SPS 4) SPS 43, 121
SPS Agreement, burden of proof, scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 5.7) SPS 323
SPS measure, definition/classification as (Annex A(1)), trade effects, relevance SPS 451
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
as definition of jurisdiction/legal claims at issue
consideration of issues outside terms of reference, exclusion SPS 548
elaboration in first written submission, relevance DSU 412
transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B)
notification procedures, obligation to 搉otify changes? SPS 356?a href="sps_03_e.htm#357">7, 357, 360, 547?a href="sps_03_e.htm#548">8
notification procedures (Annex B(5)-(10)), obligation to 損rovide information? burden of proof SPS 548
publication of regulations (Annex (B)(1)-(2)), two-pronged test for establishing requirement SPS 357
Japan ?Apples (Article 21.5 ?US) (Panel), WT/DS245/RW, DSR 2005:XVI
interim review (DSU 15)
損recise aspects of the interim report? limitation to (DSU 15.2) DSU 780
reargument of case, exclusion DSU 783
搈easures at issue?(DSU 6.2)
measure in existence at time of establishment of panel, limitation to, measures not in existence as evidence DSU 404
prompt settlement of the dispute considerations DSU 404
prompt and satisfactory settlement (DSU 3.3), determination of 搈easures at issue?(DSU 6.2), and DSU 404
risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1?.3)
factors to be taken into account including 揳vailable scientific evidence?(SPS 2), format of assessment SPS 150
measures 揳ppropriate to the circumstances?(SPS 5.1), direct causality between substance and possible adverse health effects SPS 173
measures based on, need for (SPS 5.1), 揳ppropriate to the circumstances?(SPS 5.1) SPS 150
搒ufficient scientific evidence?requirement (SPS 2.2) and SPS 26
Japan ?DRAMS (Korea) (AB), WT/DS336/AB/R and Corr.1, DSR 2007:VII
AB procedures (DSU 17.9 and ABWP), appellant抯 submission (ABWP 21), grounds for allegation of specific errors (ABWP 21:2) DSU 1433
business confidential information (BCI), parallel confidential/non-confidential reports DSU 709, 923
countervailing duties (SCM Part V), calculation of countervailing duty / 搉ot in excess?(SCM 19.4), 揻ound to exist? SCM 470
determination of injury (SCM 15)
causal relationship between subsidized imports and injury to domestic injury (SCM 15.5 and footnote 47)
non-attribution of other factors SCM 444
搕hrough the effects of subsidies? SCM 444
搒ubsidization?and injury caused by 搒ubsidized imports?distinguished SCM 444
evidence (countervailing duty investigation) (SCM 12)
搃nterested parties?(SCM 12.9)
揳llowing?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#399">SCM 399
non-exhaustive nature of SCM 12.9 examples SCM 397
resort to 揻acts available?(SCM 12.7) SCM 391
resort to 揻acts available?(SCM 12.7), designation of 搃nterested party?(SCM 12.9) and SCM 391
investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11), 搒ufficient evidence of?(SCM 11.2), causal link SCM 361
notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)(d)), statement of allegation of error on issues of law/legal interpretations (ABWP 20(2)(d)), statement of grounds (ABWP 21:2) DSU 1434
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6), completion of the legal analysis in case of, contentiousness/omission/insufficiency of facts DSU 877
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14)
揳ny?method (chapeau) SCM 404
national legislation/implementing regulations SCM 404
transparency requirement SCM 404
搖sual investment practice?(SCM 14(a)), inside/outsider investor distinction SCM 410
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) (financial contribution)
揹irect transfer of funds?SCM 1.1(a)(1)) debt forgiveness/debt-for-equity swaps SCM 24, 27 n. 44
損rivate body?(SCM 1.1(a)(1)(iv)), government entrustment or direction, effect SCM 55
Japan ?DRAMS (Korea) (Panel), WT/DS336/R
business confidential information (BCI), parallel confidential/non-confidential reports DSU 923
countervailing duties (SCM Part V)
calculation of countervailing duty / 搉ot in excess?(SCM 19.4), 揻ound to exist? SCM 469
duration (SCM 21.1) SCM 479
imposition and collection (SCM 19), 搕hrough the effects of the subsidies?(SCM 15.5), identity of meaning SCM 461
determination of injury (SCM 15)
causal relationship between subsidized imports and injury to domestic injury (SCM 15.5 and footnote 47)
搒ubsidization?and injury caused by 搒ubsidized imports?distinguished SCM 443
搕hrough the effects of subsidies? SCM 443
搕hrough the effects of the subsidy?(SCM 19.1), identity of meaning SCM 461
due process (dispute settlement proceedings), prejudice to party, relevance DSU 202
evidence (countervailing duty investigation) (SCM 12)
搃nterested parties?(SCM 12.9)
揳llowing?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#398">SCM 398
non-exhaustive nature of SCM 12.9 examples SCM 396
resort to 揻acts available?(SCM 12.7) and SCM 391, 400
resort to 揻acts available?(SCM 12.7), designation of 搃nterested party?(SCM 12.9) and SCM 391, 400
standard of review (investigating authority) SCM 581
interim review (DSU 15), re-argument of case, exclusion DSU 784
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements, 搕hrough the effects of subsidies?(SCM 15.1/footnote 47) SCM 443
preparatory work (VCLT 32), SCM GATS 7
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), due process/ability to defend itself considerations DSU 202
SCM Agreement, object and purpose (SCM 1), interpretation and clarification of GATT VI SCM 7
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), 搊bjective assessment of the facts?/alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence, obligation to examine and evaluate all the evidence available to it DSU 600
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14)
provision of goods or services (SCM 14(d)), prior subsidization in the relevant market SCM 420
搖sual investment practice?(SCM 14(a)), inside/outsider investor distinction SCM 410
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) (financial contribution), 揹irect transfer of funds?(SCM 1.1(a)(1)), debt forgiveness/debt-for-equity swaps SCM 22?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#23">3
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(b)) (conferral of benefit)
揵enefit? market test SCM 67?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#69">9
burden/standard of proof SCM 67?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#69">9
subsidy, specificity (SCM 2), individual payments under a generalized programme SCM 105?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#106">6
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), request for establishment of panel as basis DSU 202
Japan ?DRAMs (Korea) (Article 21.3(c)), WT/DS336/16
implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 21), prompt compliance (DSU 21.1), modification of underlying economic or social conditions distinguished DSU 999
搑easonable period?for implementation of recommendations and rulings (Article 21.3(c) arbitrations), administrative measures as means of implementation, relevance DSU 1051 n. 1635
Japan ?Film (Panel), WT/DS44/R, DSR 1998:IV
burden of proof (general rules),onus probandi actori incumbit GATT 967
GATT 1947/WTO continuity
incorporation of GATT 1947 provisions into WTO Agreement GATT 4
搇egal instruments?(GATT 1994 1(b)), 損rotocols and certifications relating to tariff concessions?(GATT 1994, 1(b)(i) and 1(d)) GATT 4
identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), government action, limitation to DSU 247?a href="dsu_03_e.htm#249">9
interim review (DSU 15), termination of measures following, effect DSU 384 n. 623
interpretation of covered agreements, rules relating to including VCLT provisions, dictionaries DSU 248 n. 357
搈easures at issue?(DSU 6.2)
government action, limitation to, administrative guidance DSU 248
prospective measure, 搊f the same essence? DSU 383 n. 620
terminated measures, GATT practice DSU 384
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4)
burden of proof GATT 325
搇aws, regulations or requirements? 搈easures? (GATT XXIII: 1(b)) distinguished GATT 350
搇ess favourable treatment?/p>
equality of competitive conditions as test GATT 370
GATT XXIII:1(b) compared GATT 374, 387
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b))
?i>any measure?/p>
government measures, limitation to GATT 972
measure currently in force, limitation to GATT 973
non-binding action GATT 971
揵enefit? legitimate expectation of improved market access as norm GATT 974?a href="gatt1994_08_e.htm#976">6
揵enefit?/legitimate expectation of improved market access as arising out of successive rounds of negotiation GATT 974?a href="gatt1994_08_e.htm#977">7 reasonable anticipation and GATT 979?a href="gatt1994_08_e.htm#980">80, 986
burden of proof GATT 967, DSU 1349
constituent elements GATT 965
as exceptional remedy GATT 961, DSU 1349
搈easure?/p>
affecting the competitive relationship, GATT III:4 compared GATT 374
government action, limitation to DSU 247?a href="dsu_03_e.htm#249">9
搇aw, regulations or requirements?(GATT III:4) compared GATT 350
measure in 揷onflict?with GATT provisions, applicability to, concurrent application to measures falling under other provisions of GATT GATT 963
nullification or impairment, need for GATT 986?a href="gatt1994_08_e.htm#987">7
causality and GATT 986?a href="gatt1994_08_e.htm#987">7
competitive relationship as key factor GATT 986
object and purpose GATT 962
non-violation claims (GATT XXIII:1(b)) (DSU 26.1), burden of proof / 揹etailed justification?(DSU 26.1(a)) DSU 1349
ordinary meaning of terms used in covered agreements
搈easure?GATT XXIII:1(b)) DSU 248
損rotocols and certifications relating to tariff concessions?(GATT 1994, 1(b)(i) and 1(d)) GATT 4
搒pecific measures?(DSU 6.2) DSU 215
publication and administration of trade regulations (GATT X)
burden of proof GATT 519
measures of general application (GATT X:1) GATT 519
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI)
損rohibition or restriction?(GATT XI:1)
de facto restriction GATT 603
private action, relevance GATT 603
relationships within and between agreements, GATT III:4/GATT XXIII:1(b) GATT 350, 374, 387
request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2), 搃dentify? sufficiency of, identification of specific measures (DSU 6.2), 搃dentify? sufficiency of, reference to instruments implementing challenged measures DSU 215
State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles), responsibility for act or omission of, private parties GATT 603, DSU 247?a href="dsu_03_e.htm#249">9
successive treaties relating to the same subject matter (VCLT 30), Schedules DSU 1530
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7), terminated measures DSU 384
Japan ?Semi-conductors (GATT Panel) L/6309, BISD 35S/116,
quantitative restrictions, elimination (GATT XI),
損rohibition or restriction?(GATT XI:1) GATT 600
JITAP: see Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP) identification of ways of enhancing and rationalizing (Doha)
joint action (GATT XXV), GATT practice GATT 1062
joint action (GATT XXXVIII), GATT practice GATT 1114
Joint Integrated Technical Assistance Programme (JITAP), identification of ways of enhancing and rationalizing (Doha) WTO 111
core agencies?joint communiqu?reaf.rming support (13 July 2003) WTO 112
judicial and administrative assistance, non-applicability of GATS II (MFN) provisions GATS 6
judicial decisions, conformity with WTO obligations, obligation to ensure (WTO XVI:4) WTO 288
see also order of analysis; relationships within and between agreements
arguendo assumptions and GATT 1041, DSU 646, 660
avoidance of de novo review and AD 330
de.nition DSU 641?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#643">3, 655
discretionary nature SG 174, DSU 641, 644?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#647">7
reasons for not exercising SG 129, 181
explicit reference to, relevance DSU 649?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#650">50
GATT practice DSU 639
irrelevant considerations DSU 656
limitation of concept to panel抯 handling of claims DSU 643
limitation of consideration to claims essential to resolution of dispute (DSU 3.2) GATT 423, TRIMs 11, AD 307, 348, 647, DSU 52, 386, 638?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#639">9, 891
搈ake such other .ndings as will assist 厰 (DSU 11) and DSU 637?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#643">43, 649
order of analysis and DSU 648
損ositive solution to dispute?requirement (DSU 3.7)/false judicial economy and DSU 638, 649, 651?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#655">5
precise recommendations and rulings by DSB and DSU 653
prior decision on another point rendering discussion otiose GATT 399, 400, 404, 405, 745, 749, 824?a href="gatt1994_07_e.htm#825">5, AG 64, SPS 494, 592?a href="sps_03_e.htm#593">3, TBT 23, TRIMs 6, 11, 12?a href="trims_01_e.htm#13">13, 16, AD 84, 321, 620, 749, 831, 838?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#840">40, LIC 29, 32?a href="licensing_01_e.htm#33">3, SCM 180, 218, 326, SG 84, 89, 175, 216, 229?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#231">31, 233, 242, 243, 245, 252, GATS 70, TRIPS 215
finding of non-compliance in .rst situation, need for SCM 504, DSU 642
prompt compliance (DSU 21.1) and DSU 653
security and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 3.2) and DSU 52
搒hall address the relevant provisions/each issue?(DSU 7.2/DSU 17.12) DSU 422, 890?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#891">1
Members?descriptions of their systems AD 848
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2) and DSU 16
judicial review (SCM 23), Members?discretion to define own procedure SCM 377, 507
July package: see also under Doha Round/Work Programme (Doha 17?2), July package (2004)
jura novit curia DSU 324, 326, 328, 416, 574?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#575">5, 1710
jurisdiction: see competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/DSU 11/ DSU 17); request for establishment of panel, requirements (DSU 6.2); standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6); standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6); standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11); terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)