S
see also (in addition to the immediately following ?i>safeguard measures?headings) causation analysis (SG 4.2(b)) (determination of serious injury or threat of); confidential information (SG 3.2); determination of serious injury or threat of, definitions (SG 4.1); determination of serious injury or threat of (SG 4), requirements; developing countries (SG 9); dispute settlement (SG 14); 揹omestic injury?(SCM 16); investigation of conditions for safeguard measures, requirements (SG 3.1/SG 4.2(c)); 搇ike or directly competitive product?(SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c)); notification and consultation (SG 12); provisional safeguard measures (SG 6); publication of findings and reasoned conclusions (SG 3.1); quota modulation (SG 5.2(b)); reasoned and adequate explanation requirement (SG); transitional safeguard measures (SG) (China) (Accession Protocol 16)
Safeguards Agreement (SG) as integral part of WTO Agreement WTO 19
safeguard measures, application (SG 5)
揹emonstration?of compliance (SG 3.1), relevance SG 97?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#99">9
determination of injury or threat of (SG 2.1) SG 82
imports, limitation to SG 227
Member抯 right to choose method SG 97?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#99">9
non-discrimination (GATT XIII) and GATT 686, 690?a href="gatt1994_05_e.htm#691">1, SG 232
quota modulation (SG 5.2(b))
determination of injury or threat (SG 2.1), relevance to SG 82
as exception to general rule SG 82, 234
搕o the extent necessary?(proportionality) (SG 5.1) SG 13?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#15">15, 224?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#227">7
Accession Protocol (China) and SG 317?a href="safeguards_03_e.htm#318">18
adjustment plans, relevance SG 228
揷lear justification?/requirement to explain SG 224?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#227">7
tariff measures and SG 225 n. 375, 232 n. 289
serious injury to increased imports, limitation to SG 226?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#227">7
搒erious injury?(SG 4.2(b)) distinguished SG 226
safeguard measures, conditions (SG 2)
burden of proof DSU 549
compliance with accession protocols SG 313
determination of serious injury or threat (SG 4), violation as violation of SG 2 SG 17?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#23">23, 21
free trade agreements/customs unions and (SG 2.1 footnote 1) SG 64
parallelism between investigation (SG 2.1/SG 4.1(c)) and application of measure (SG 2.2) SG 66?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#79">79
Note: The discussion turns on the parallelism between 損roduct being imported into its territory?(SG 2.1)/ 搘ithin its territory?(SG 4.1(c)) and 揵eing imported irrespective of source?(SG 2.2)
burden of proof SG 71
揻actors other than increased imports?(SG 4.2(b)), imports from excluded sources as SG 74, 77?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#78">8
搃rrespective of source? applicability to RTAs SG 66?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#73">73
separate investigation into RTA member, relevance SG 69
reasoned and adequate explanation requirement, 14.45, 14.69?2, 14.74, 14.76?: see also reasoned and adequate explanation requirement (SG)
right to apply measure and exercise of right distinguished SG 13?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#15">15
RTAs/customs unions and (SG 2.1 footnote 1), right to exclude member of customs union from GATT 1055?a href="gatt1994_09_e.htm#1056">6, SG 64?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#65">5
搒uch increased quantities?(SG 2.1)
maintenance of level of concessions (SG 8.3) and SG 245
methodology, panel抯 right to examine SG 35?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#37">7
qualitative test SG 38?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#9">9
quantity as determining factor SG 24
搑ate and amount of the increase ?in absolute and relative terms?(SG 4.2(a)) SG 25?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#28">8
absolute increase SG 50
搑ecent? SG 33?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#34">4, 320
as sudden and recent increase SG 30?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#45">45
trends SG 26?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#30">30, 42?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#45">5
搒ufficient to cause serious injury or threat? (SG 2.1) SG 31?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#32">2, 48
quota modulation (SG 5.2(b)) and SG 82, 234
separate determinations of threat and injury, need for SG 80?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#83">3
GATT practice SG 83
搒erious injury?and 搕hreat?as alternatives SG 80
搕hreat?and 搃njury?as continuum SG 81
threshold for threat and injury distinguished SG 81
搖nder such conditions? SG 51?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#59">9, 178
揻actors other than increased imports?(SG 4.2(b)) and SG 58
price analysis, relevance SG 57, 60?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#63">3
safeguard measures, duration and review (SG 7)
burden of proof SG 333
extension of measure (SG 7.1), whether distinct measure DSU 149
format (SG 2 notifications) SG 236
modifications reducing restrictiveness (SG 7.4) SG 237, 291
safeguard measures, maintenance of substantially equivalent level of concessions (SG 8)
揳bsolute?increase SG 245
揳bsolute?increase in imports (SG 8.3) SG 49?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#50">50, 245, 322
揺quivalent? SG 239
揳dequate opportunity for prior consultations? (SG 12.3) and SG 239?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#240">40
extension of time limits (SG 8.2)
GATT practice SG 244
invocations SG 244 (table)
notification of extensions SG 244
safeguard measures, object and purpose (SG preamble) SG 1?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#3">3
balance between effective temporary protection and structural adjustment SG 2
multilateral control over safeguards SG 1
safeguard measures, prohibition and elimination of certain measures (SG 11) GATT 597
notification (SG 11.2)
calculation of deadline (揹ate of this agreement? (WTO XVI:2)) SG 254
eligible original Members and SG 255
format SG 255
notifications SG 253
timetables SG 255
safeguard measures (SG), see also determination of serious injury or threat of (SG, 4), requirements; developing countries (SG 9); dispute settlement (SG 14); emergency action (GATT XIX); notification and consultation (SG 12); standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
safeguard measures (SG)/emergency action (GATT XIX), relationship between GATT 795, 838?a href="gatt1994_07_e.htm#843">43
continuing applicability of GATT XIX GATT 839?a href="gatt1994_07_e.htm#842">42
rules for application of GATT XIX (SG 1 and 11.1(a)) GATT 839?a href="gatt1994_07_e.htm#840">40, SG 4?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#10">10
establishment WTO 93
Members?reporting obligations (SG 13.1) SG 302
observer status SG 300
reports SG 301
requests for assistance (SG 13.1) SG 303
rules of procedure (1996) WTO 94, SG 299
see also 揹omestic industry?(AD 4)
揳ppropriate amount?(AD 9, 2) and AD 664, 666
choice of sample AD 633?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#635">5
as deviation from general rule AD 623?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#624">4
揹umped imports?finding, applicability AD 200?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#207">7
individual margin for each known exporter or producer AD 625?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#626">6
exporter or producer not originally selected (AD 6.10.2) AD 625
injury investigations (AD 3.2), use in AD 198?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#199">9, 207
搆nown exporters? AD 632
搇argest percentage? AD 636?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#637">7
NMEs and AD 624
搊bjective examination?obligation (AD 3.1) and AD 198?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#199">9, 203?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#204">4, 204, 207, 210?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#213">13
procedural nature AD 626
separate legal entities, treatment of AD 627?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#631">31
volume and price effects determination (AD 3.2) AD 210?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#213">13
voluntary responses (AD 6.10.2) AD 638
Schedules of Concessions (GATT II)
see also Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX)
anti-dumping duties applied consistently with GATT II:2(b), 搒afe harbour? GATT 161
揷harge equivalent to an internal tax?(GATT II:2(a)) GATT 159?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#160">60
burden of proof GATT 160
conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures, obligation to ensure (WTO XVI:4) WTO 287
consistency of measure with GATT II:1(a) and (b) GATT 118?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#120">20
legislation as such, right to challenge (WTO XVI:4) GATT 120
test GATT 118
揹ate of this agreement?(GATT XXVI:1)/Marrakesh Protocol GATT 153?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#157">7
Understanding on Article II:1(b) GATT 155
WTO accession protocols GATT 147
diminishment of obligations, exclusion GATT 138?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#139">9, 164
duties or charges (GATT II:1(b)), whether inherently discriminatory GATT 137
exceptions to GATT II:1(b), price-based measures for balance of payments purposes GATT 172
fees and formalities connected with importation and exportation (GATT VIII) and GATT 506
inconsistency with GATT VI and GATT 489
as integral part of GATT 1994
AG 3.1 AG 26
interpretation and clarification
揷ircumstances of conclusion?(VCLT 32) GATT 131
context (VCLT 31(2)), other terms in Schedule as GATT 127
customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law AG 26
GATT II:1(a) and (b), interrelationship GATT 133
Harmonized System of Customs Classification (HS), applicability: see Harmonized System of Customs Classification (HS)
legitimate expectations (including GATT II:5 provisions) GATT 121, 132, 162, DSU 1542
搕reatment contemplated?(GATT II:5) and GATT 162
Marrakesh Protocol and GATT 138?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#139">9, 154
parties?common intentions (VCLT 31(1)) GATT 119, 121
subsequent practice (VCLT 31(3)(b)) GATT 130
VCLT as applicable law GATT 119, 121, 169
modification of schedules: see modification of schedules (GATT XXVIII)
non-discrimination under GATT I and GATT 139
non-discriminatory administration of QRs (GATT XIII) and GATT 139, 169
ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2) and GATT 143, AG 42?a href="agriculture_01_e.htm#45">5, 67
ordinary customs duties in excess of those provided for in Schedule (GATT II:1(b))
customs duties based on exogenous factors AG 43
duty different in type GATT 146?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#147">7
搃n excess of? GATT 146?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#147">7
internal duty distinguished GATT 167
搊n their importation? GATT 144
搊ther duties or charges?(ODCs) (GATT II:1(b)) GATT 148?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#152">52
definition GATT 148?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#149">9
foreign exchange fees GATT 150, 151
import surcharges GATT 150
recording pursuant to Understanding on Article II:1(b) GATT 152
搒ubject to the terms, conditions or qualifications in the schedule?(GATT II:1(b)) GATT 138?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#142">42
additional concession GATT 140 n. 204
description distinguished GATT 140
inclusion in schedule, need for GATT 142
price ceiling not included in Schedule GATT 141
搒ubject to? GATT 140
terms, conditions or qualifications added to import concessions, obligation to include in Schedule GATT 142
tariff classification for purposes of GATT 122
tariff database: see consolidated tariff databases
treatment no less favourable than that provided in appropriate schedule (GATT II:1(a))
bonding requirements
elimination of quantitative restrictions (GATT XI) and GATT 626
imposition of import duties distinguished GATT 626
failure to include additional terms, conditions and qualifications to Schedule and GATT 142
non-tariff concessions
commitments not to impose export duties GATT 135?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#136">6
members making such concessions GATT 134
Secretariat Technical Note on the Accession Process GATT 134
STEs (GATT VII) and, GATT practice GATT 746
STEs (GATT XVII) and GATT 745
Understanding on Article II:1(b), recording of 搊ther duties and charges? GATT 152
withdrawal of concessions: see withholding or withdrawal of concessions (GATT XXVII)
Schedules of Concessions (GPA)
as integral part of GPA (GPA XXIV:12) GPA 54
interpretation and clarification, VCLT as applicable law GPA 54
Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX)
Committee on Specific Commitments GATS 173?a href="gats_03_e.htm#175">5, 215
Guidelines (2001), corrections to French text GATS 174
inscription of measures inconsistent with GATS XVI and GATS XVII (GATS XX:2) GATS 196
as integral part of GATS (GATS XX:3) GATS 177, 197?a href="gats_03_e.htm#198">8
interpretation and clarification
context (VCLT 31(2)), other Members?schedules GATS 189
customary international law rules of interpretation [as codified in the VCLT] as applicable law GATS 177, 199
Document W/120, as 揳greement made between all the parties in connection with the conclusion of the treaty?(VCLT 31(2) (a)) GATS 186?a href="gats_03_e.htm#187">7
parties?common intentions (VCLT 31(1)) GATS 177
Scheduling Guidelines (1993)
as 揳greement made between all the parties in connection with the conclusion of the treaty?(VCLT 31(2)(a)) GATS 181
as subsequent practice establishing agreement of parties (VCLT 31(3)(b)) GATS 182
as supplementary means including preparatory work (VCLT 32) GATS 180
Scheduling Guidelines (2001), as subsequent practice establishing agreement of parties (VCLT 31(3)(b)) GATS 183
supplementary means of interpretation (VCLT 32) GATS 179?a href="gats_03_e.htm#190">90
Document W/120 GATS 179, 185?a href="gats_03_e.htm#187">7
Scheduling Guidelines (1993) GATS 180?a href="gats_03_e.htm#182">2
Scheduling Guidelines (2001) GATS 184
summary of AB guidance on potentially relevant instruments GATS 179
UN CPC GATS 188
modification or rectification, procedures (GATS XXI:5) GATS 201?a href="gats_03_e.htm#202">2
required information (GATS XX:1)
allocation to specific sector/subsector (搒ector? (GATS XXVIII (3))) GATS 191, 229
time-frame for implementation (GATS XX:1(d)) GATS 104, 192?a href="gats_03_e.htm#195">5
treaty status GATS 140
scientific evidence, need for sufficient (SPS 2.2)
see also expert evidence; harmonization of SPS measures (SPS 3); information or technical advice, panel抯 right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2); provisional adoption of SPS measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7); risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1)
burden of proof SPS 32?a href="sps_01_e.htm#36">6
GATT XX requirements distinguished GATT 854
SPS 5.6 and SPS 260
SPS 5.7 and SPS 36, 323, 324?a href="sps_02_e.htm#327">7, DSU 1278 n. 2005
cumulative test SPS 31
equivalence (SPS 4), relevance SPS 43
as part of trade/protection of human life and health balance SPS 24
precautionary principle and SPS 8, 23, 328?a href="sps_02_e.htm#330">30
rational and objective relationship between SPS measure and scientific evidence, need for SPS 22
case-by-case approach SPS 30?a href="sps_01_e.htm#31">1, 137
provisional measures (SPS 5.7) and SPS 309
搒cientific evidence? SPS 29
standard of review SPS 37?a href="sps_01_e.htm#40">40
expert evidence (DSU 13.2) SPS 40
information or technical advice, panel抯 right to seek (DSU 13.1/ SPS 11.2) SPS 39
搊bjective assessment of matter before it? SPS 41
prudence/precautionary principle SPS 37
risk assessment, exclusion SPS 38, 122?a href="sps_02_e.htm#129">9
搒ufficient? SPS 25?a href="sps_01_e.htm#26">6
context (SPS 3.3, 5.1 and 5.7) SPS 27
ordinary meaning SPS 25
patent insufficiency SPS 28
as relational concept SPS 25?a href="sps_01_e.htm#26">6, 30?a href="sps_01_e.htm#31">1
SCM Agreement: see also adverse effects (SCM: 5); arbitration (SCM 8.5); confidential information (SCM 12.4); conformity of laws, regulations and administrative procedures with SCM obligations, obligation to ensure (SCM 32.5); consultations (SCM 4.1?); consultations (SCM 13); consumption of inputs in the production process (SCM, Annex II footnote 61); countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10); countermeasures in case of failure to take measures to remove adverse effects of or withdraw subsidy (SCM 7.9); data collection period (SCM 15.1/15.2); determination of injury (SCM 15); dispute settlement (SCM 30); 揹omestic injury?(SCM 16); due process (countervailing duty investigation) (SCM 12.7); evidence (countervailing duty investigation) (SCM 12); expedited review, right to (SCM 19.3); export subsidy, prohibited (SCM, Part II); investigation of dumping (AD 5)/subsidy (SCM 11); investigations and reviews of existing [SCM] measures initiated ?on or after date of entry into force of WTO Agreement (SCM 32.3); judicial review (SCM 23); 搇ike product?(SCM 15 footnote 46); notification obligations (SCM 25); price undertakings (AD 8)/undertakings (SCM 18); provisional measures (SCM 17); 損ublic body?(SCM 1.1(a)(1)); public notice and explanation of determinations (SCM 22); request for establishment of panel, requirements (SCM 4.4); retroactivity (SCM 20); 搒erious prejudice? procedures for developing information concerning (SCM Annex 5); 搒erious prejudice? (SCM 5(c)); 搒erious prejudice?(SCM 6); 搒erious prejudice?(SCM 27.8); special and differential treatment (SCM 27/SCM 29); specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM 32.1) in accordance with GATT VI as interpreted by AD/SCM Agreement; standing as claimant (SCM); subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14); subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) (financial contribution); subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(b)) (conferral of benefit); subsidy, specificity (SCM 2); sunset review (SCM 21.3); transitional arrangements (existing programmes) (SCM 28.1); 搃nconsistent with the provisions of this Agreement?(SCM 28.1); 搘ithdrawal of subsidy without delay?(SCM 4.7)
Agriculture Agreement (AG), relationship with, 13.181?: see also relationships within and between agreements
Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) and: see Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000)
GATT VI, separability of provisions SCM 591
GATT Subsidies Code and SCM 702
object and purpose (SCM 1) SCM 1?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#8">8
balanced framework of rights and obligations relating to countervailing duties SCM 4, 8
interpretation and clarification of GATT VI SCM 7
multilateral disciplines on subsidies distorting international trade SCM 1?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#5">5, 548
strengthening and improvement of GATT disciplines on subsidies and countervailing measures SCM 8, 44, 493
provisional application of Articles 6.1, 8 and 9 (SCM 31)
lapse of provisions SCM 582
review SCM 582
reservations (SCM 32.2) WTO 297
subsequent agreement for purpose of interpretation of GATT VI, whether
subsequent practice for purpose of interpretation of GATT VI, whether WTO 277
consumption of inputs in the production process (SCM Annex II footnote 61), difficulty of resolving issues related to SCM 666?a href="subsidies_05_e.htm#668">8
Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) and SCM 351?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#352">2
establishment WTO 93
notification formats, role in relation to (SCM 25) SCM 345, 514, 571, 573
reports SCM 351?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#352">2, 600
rules of procedure (1996) WTO 94, SCM 509
see also SCM Committee; subsidy, definition (SCM 1)
Working Party on Subsidy Notifications SCM 513
Seattle Ministerial Conference (1999), Declaration, failure to agree on WTO 55
Secretariat (DSU 27) DSU 1356?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1358">8
Institute for Training and Technical Cooperation DSU 1357
legal advice for developing countries (DSU 27.3) DSU 1357
Rules of Conduct (RoC), applicability to DSU 1486
training courses (DSU 27.3) DSU 1358
see also Director-General (WTO)
duties and conditions of service (WTO VI:3) WTO 173?a href="wto_agree_03_e.htm#178">8
Staff Regulations and Rules WTO 173?a href="wto_agree_03_e.htm#174">4
Working Group on Conditions of Service applicable to the WTO Secretariat Staff WTO 173?a href="wto_agree_03_e.htm#174">4
WTO Pension Plan (WTOPP) WTO 175?a href="wto_agree_03_e.htm#178">8
annual reports WTO 178
headquarters WTO 168
role
interpretation of covered agreements WTO 201
support for domestic efforts in relation to economic development and strategies for poverty reduction WTO 111
security exceptions (GATT XXI), GATT practice GATT 956
security and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 3.2) DSU 41?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#51">51
arguendo assumptions and DSU 49?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#50">50, 661?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#662">2
balance between certainty of the law and procedural flexibility GATT 314, DSU 42
certainty of the law DSU 24
揷larify the existing provisions?and DSU 49, 51, 52?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#53">3, 57, 299, 386, 529, 630, 639, 661, 703
determination of date of 搃nitiation?by reference to domestic law SCM 356
evolutionary approach/intertemporal law and GATT 314, GATS 5, DSU 42, 1621
finality of adopted panel reports DSU 826
interpretation contradictory to object and purpose of agreement and SCM 5, 6, 44
judicial economy and DSU 52
precedent/AB jurisprudence, need to follow DSU 53, 823, 835, 903, 1701
prompt and satisfactory settlement (DSU 3.3) and DSU 68, 826
reasons/rationale in panel report (DSU 12.7) and GATT 314, DSU 41, 51, 703
right to challenge legislation as such (WTO XVI:4) and DSU 45, 281
specificity in request for establishment of a panel DSU 224
suspension of concessions (DSU 22.4) and DSU 47?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#48">8
transparency and (GATS preamble) GATS 1?a href="gats_01_e.htm#2">2
as WTO objective WTO 8?a href="wto_agree_01_e.htm#11">11, GATT 119, DSU 43?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#44">4, 281
separability of treaty provisions (VCLT 44) DSU 1669
separate customs territory, explanatory notes (揷ountry? 揷ountries?and 搉ational? and WTO 305?a href="wto_agree_04_e.htm#306">6
AB (DSU 17.11), table showing DSU 889
Article 22.6 arbitration, table showing DSU 1215
panel (DSU 14.3) GATT 626
table showing DSU 771
搒equencing?(interrelationship between Article 21.5 and Article 22.6 arbitration, ad hoc procedural agreements)
17.1150, 17.1176: see also customs value determination (VAL), sequencing
agreement not to appeal Article 21.5 panel report DSU 1162
agreement not to object to Article 22.6 arbitration DSU 1165
arbitrators?role in relation to DSU 1157
arbitrators?scope of review DSU 1176
direct recourse to Article 22 DSU 1164
non-application of 30-day Article 22.6 deadline DSU 1166?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1167">7
recourse to Article 21.5 before Article 22 DSU 1158?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1160">60
recourse to Article 22.6 before completion of Article 21.5 proceedings as breach DSU 1176
simultaneous recourse to Article 21.5 and Article 22 DSU 1161
withdrawal of Article 22 arbitration request DSU 1163
serious damage or actual threat (ATC): see transitional safeguards (ATC 6)
搒erious prejudice?(GATT XVI:1), 搒erious prejudice?(SMC 5(c)/ 6.3(c)), identity of meaning GATT 714, SCM 267
搒erious prejudice? procedures for developing information concerning (SCM Annex 5)
adverse inferences from non-cooperation SCM 676?a href="subsidies_05_e.htm#678">8
initiation, requirements SCM 675
requests for SCM 673
use of information in prohibited subsidy claims SCM 674
aggregated analysis SCM 304?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#306">6
揵ut for?test SCM 281
genuine causal link requirement SCM 279
least-developed countries (LDCs) and DSU 1321?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1323">3
搊f another Member? SCM 266
remedies (SCM 7.8): see adverse effects (SCM 5), obligation to remove adverse threats or withdraw subsidy (SCM 7.8)
搒ignificant price undercutting/suppression?(SCM 6.3(c)) as SCM 265, 267, 268
adverse effects on trade interests
as 搒erious prejudice? SCM 277
as test SCM 274
developing countries, exclusion (SCM 27.9) SCM 569
displacement or impediment to imports (SCM 6.3(a)) SCM 307?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#309">9
揹isplace?and 搃mpede?distinguished SCM 309
genuine causal link requirement and SCM 309
market share data, relevance SCM 308
ordinary meaning SCM 307
損rice depression?and 損rice suppression? (SCM 6.3(c)) compared SCM 309
SCM 4, relevance SCM 308
elements listed in SCM 6, sufficiency to establish SCM 273
搘here one or several ?apply? SCM 278
genuine causal link requirement SCM 289, 306
applicability to all SCM 6.3 elements SCM 279, 282
burden of proof SCM 283?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#284">4
displacement or impediment to imports (SCM 6.3(a)) and SCM 309
搃njury?distinguished SCM 274
?i>may arise?(SCM 6.3 chapeau) SCM 275
rebuttal of presumption (SCM 6.2) SCM 276
搒ignificant price undercutting/suppression?(SCM 6.3(c))
aggregated analysis SCM 304?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#306">6
揵ut for?test SCM 280?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#282">2, 288, 295
counterfactual analysis SCM 293?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#295">5
揺ffect of the subsidy?/p>
continuing effect SCM 299?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#300">300, 302
expired subsidy programme SCM 298?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#302">302
period of review SCM 301?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#302">2
relevant period of review, 搒erious prejudice? (SCM 6) SCM 301?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#302">2
搃n the same market? SCM 319, 321?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#325">5
搇ost sales? SCM 319?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#320">20
displacement or impediment (SMC 6.3(a) and (b)) compared SCM 319
two-step analysis SCM 320
non-attribution of adverse effects caused by other factors SCM 282, 285?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#289">9
損rice suppression? SCM 278, 315?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#316">16
損rice depression?distinguished SCM 309, 317?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#318">18
損rice undercutting? SCM 267, 314
quantification, relevance SCM 297
搒ignificant? SCM 310?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#313">13, 319
搒ubsidized product?vs 揺ffect of the subsidy? SCM 303
unitary vs two-step approach SCM 290?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#292">2
standing to bring claim, nationality of producers, relevance SCM 267
搒erious prejudice?(SCM 27.8) SCM 568
burden of proof SCM 568
services, trade in: see business practices (GATS IX); developing countries (GATS IV); domestic regulation (GATS VI); GATS Agreement; GATS Agreement, Institutional Arrangements, Marrakesh Ministerial Decision; General Exceptions (GATS XIV); market access (GATS XVI); MFN treatment (GATS II); monopolies and exclusive service providers (GATS VIII); national treatment, services and service suppliers (GATS XVII); progressive liberalization (GATS XIX); progressive liberalization (GATS XIX); decisions and agreements relating to; progressive liberalization negotiations (GATS XIX:3 and Doha 15); recognition of qualifications (GATS VII); Schedules of Specific Commitments (GATS XX); telecommunications, GATS XVIII Reference Paper on Basic Telecommunications
搒hall in no way modify the rights and obligations?(RoC II), confidentiality (RoC VII) and DSU 1483?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1484">4
Singapore Ministerial Conference/Declaration (1996)
adoption of main Declaration WTO 53, 67
agriculture reform process (AG 20) AG 183
揵uilt-in agenda? WTO 31
Comprehensive and Integrated WTO Plan of Action for the least-developed countries (1996) WTO 108, 114
Declaration on Trade in Information Technology Products WTO 53, 67, GATT 193?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#199">9
揻orum for negotiations?(WTO III:2), recommendations relating to WTO 31
information exchange (GATS XIX) GATS 161
Information Technology Agreement (Singapore) GATT 193?a href="gats_03_e.htm#199">9
NFIDC (AG 16) AG 154
揝ingapore issues? WTO 53
TMB, role and procedures ATC 88
working groups established by (揝ingapore issues? WTO 53
sources of international law: see international law/ 搑elevant rules of international law?(VCLT 31(3)(c)) with particular reference to the interpretation of covered agreements (DSU 3(2))
burden of proof and DSU 1741
conclusion of treaty as exercise of inherent sovereign right DSU 1742?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1743">3
impairment of other Members?rights as breach DSU 1739
in dubio mitius principle and DSU 1713 n. 2689, 1734?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1735">5
interpretation of covered agreement by reference to rules not accepted by Member as breach DSU 1595, 1740
Members as sovereign entities DSU 583
over non-WTO regulated matters DSU 1738
as a rule/fundamental principle of international law DSU 1605, 1733?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1743">43
sovereignty/treaty benefits balance DSU 1733
搕ax sovereignty? DSU 1736
unilateral environmental protection measures as breach DSU 1737
unilateral statements and DSU 1685
special or additional procedures (AB) (ABWP 16(1)) DSU 1379?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1385">85
amicus curiae briefs DSU 1382
BCI DSU 919?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#921">21, 1379?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1381">81
multiple appeals DSU 1383
replacement of member of Division DSU 1385
special or additional procedures (panel) (DSU 12.1)
17.683?, 17.687?, 17.919, 17.1381: see also third party enhanced rights/rights beyond those indicated in DSU 10.2, DSU 10.3 and Appendix 3, para. 6
expert evidence (DSU 13.2/SPS 11.2) DSU 765
margin of discretion, 17.683?: see also margin of discretion [in accordance with due process] (panel) (DSU 12.1 and Appendix 3)
public hearing DSU 888
special or additional rules and procedures (DSU 1.2 and Appendix 2) DSU 9?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#16">16
arrangements considered for classification as
AD 17 AD 870?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#872">2, 888, 954, DSU 12, 13?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#14">14, 15
BOP DSU 10
SCM 4.2 (consultations) SCM 197, 211, DSU 17
SCM 4.2?.12 DSU 18
SCM 4.4 DSU 17
SCM 4.11 SCM 246?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#247">7, DSU 17, 22, 22?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#24">4, 23, 1241?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1242">2, 1279?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1280">80, 1282?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1283">3
SCM 7.2 DSU 17
SCM 7.4 DSU 17
SCM 7.8 DSU 21
SCM 7.9 and 7.10 SCM 338, DSU 24
SCM 30 SCM 578
precedence SCM 247
搒hall prevail?in case of a difference with DSU SCM 197, 328, DSU 9, 21?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#24">4, 25, 356
text (Appendix 2) DSU 1359 (Section XXIX)
special or additional rules and procedures (GPA XXII:2) GPA 28
special and differential treatment (AG 15), Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) AG 150
special and differential treatment for developing countries (Doha)
see also least-developed countries; special and differential treatment (SPS 10)
non-mandatory provisions conversion (AD 15) AD 852
review, need for AD 852
terms of reference of panels (DSU 7) and DSU 717
special and differential treatment for developing countries (GPA V), technical assistance activities GPA 20
special and differential treatment (SCM 27/SCM 29), 13.575?: see also developing countries (SCM 27)
special and differential treatment (SPS 10)
obligation to 搕ake account of?special needs of developing countries (SPS 10.1)
burden of proof SPS 388
搕ake account of? SPS 387, TBT 140?a href="tbt_02_e.htm#141">1
TBT 12.3 compared SPS 389, TBT 137
phased introduction of new measure (SPS 10(2) (Doha))
impossibility of SPS 391
longer time-frame for compliance SPS 390
technical and financial assistance and training (Doha) SPS 377?a href="sps_03_e.htm#378">8
transparency enhancement Procedure (2003) SPS 379?a href="sps_03_e.htm#380">80
transparency enhancement Procedure (2009) SPS 382?a href="sps_03_e.htm#386">6
special and differential treatment (TBT 12)
搉ot more trade-restrictive than necessary to fulfil a legitimate objective?obligation (TBT 2.2) distinguished TBT 136
special account requirement
implementation of TBT (TBT 12.2) TBT 135
preparation of technical regulations, standards and conformity assessment procedures (TBT 12.3) TBT 135
SPS 10.1 compared SPS 389, TBT 137
SPS 10.1 compared SPS 389, TBT 137
搒pecial development, financial and trade needs? (TBT 12.2 and 12.3), Enabling Clause (EC 3(c)) and SCM 27.46 compared TBT 139
TBT Committee recommendations and decisions related to, implementation of TBT 12 TBT 132
TBT Committee recommendations and decisions related to information exchange TBT 133?a href="tbt_02_e.htm#134">4
special and differential treatment (VAL 20/VAL Annex III)
continued application of 1979 VAL Agreement VAL 66
delayed application of VAL 1 and 6 (VAL 20.2) VAL 70
delayed application of VAL Agreement (VAL 20.1)
Decision on implementation-related concerns (2000) and VAL 69
requests for VAL 68
reservations relating to
application of VAL 5.2 (Annex III, para. 4) VAL 83
officially established minimum values (Annex III, para. 2) VAL 80?a href="cusval_02_e.htm#81">1
reversal of sequential order of VAL 5 and 6 (VAL 4) VAL 24, 82
technical assistance programmes (VAL 20.3) VAL 71
transparency on technical assistance activities VAL 67
special procedures involving LDCs (DSU 24)
actions brought against LDCs DSU 1325
actions brought by LDCs DSU 1325
actions involving LDCs as third parties DSU 1325
due restraint obligation DSU 1324?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1325">5
損articular consideration shall be given?(DSU 24.1) DSU 1321?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1323">3
calculation method (AG 5.5), right to choose AG 69?a href="agriculture_01_e.htm#70">70, 73
c.i.f. import price (AG 5(1)(b)) AG 68?a href="agriculture_01_e.htm#72">72
customary international trade usage AG 69
effectiveness principle AG 71
possibility of alternative method (AG 5.5) AG 73
market access (AG 4) and AG 39
as exemption from AG 4.2 requirements AG 75
specific action against dumping (AD 18.1) or subsidy (SCM 32.1) in accordance with GATT VI as interpreted by AD/SCM Agreement
13.583: see also anti-dumping and countervailing duties (GATT VI) including interrelationship with AD Agreement
action under other relevant provisions of GATT 1994 distinguished (AD 18.1 footnote 24) GATT 449, 451, AD 956?a href="anti_dumping_05_e.htm#958">8, 960?a href="anti_dumping_05_e.htm#962">2
clarificatory nature of footnotes AD 961
揳gainst?GATT 473, AD 957?, SCM 587
calculation of amount of subsidy (SCM 14(d)) and SCM 589
揺xcept in accordance with the provisions?AD 959, SCM 583?a href="subsidies_04_e.htm#584">4
搇egislation as such? AD 876
reasonable security/bonding (Note 1 Ad Article VI:2?) GATT 473?a href="gatt1994_04_e.htm#477">7, AD 963?a href="anti_dumping_05_e.htm#964">4
揻inal determination? GATT 474?a href="gatt1994_04_e.htm#475">5, AD 697
provisional measures (AD 7) and AD 653
搑easonable? GATT 477
搒ecurity? GATT 476
搒pecific? SCM 587
US Customs Bond Directive 揳s such? AD 964
see also ALOPs (SPS 5.4?.6 and Annex A(5)); arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination, exclusion (SPS 2.3); developing countries (SPS 4); developing countries (SPS 7); Equivalence, Decision on Implementation of SPS 4; harmonization of SPS measures (SPS 3); information or technical advice, panel抯 right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2); precautionary principle (SPS Agreement); provisional adoption of SPS measures in case of insufficiency of scientific evidence (SPS 5.7); regional conditions, adaptation of SPS measures to (SPS 6); risk assessment, need for (SPS 5.1?.3); risk assessment (SPS Annex A(4)(4)); scientific evidence, need for sufficient (SPS 2.2); special and differential treatment (SPS 10); SPS Committee (SPS 12); SPS control, inspection and approval procedures (SPS 8 and Annex C); technical assistance (SPS 9); transparency of SPS regulations (SPS 7 and Annex B)
administration (SPS 12): see SPS Committee
applicability (SPS 1.1)
GATT XX(b), relevance SPS 594
measures 揹eveloped and applied in accordance with [SPS] provisions? purpose of measure and SPS 15
measures in existence before entry into force of SPS agreement (SPS 14) SPS 14, 448?a href="sps_03_e.htm#449">9
measures taken by body other than central government (SPS 13) SPS 446
搈easures which may directly or indirectly affect trade? SPS 11?a href="sps_01_e.htm#13">13, 256
phytosanitary measure affecting international trade SPS 9, 594
private standards, SPS Committee Actions relating to (2011) SPS 16?a href="sps_01_e.htm#18">18
as balance between promotion of international trade and protection of human, animal or plant life or health (SPS 2.2)
4.24, 4.141: see also General Exceptions (GATT XX(b)) measures necessary to protect human animal or plant life or health
搊nly to the extent necessary? trade-restrictive measures, exclusion (SPS 5.4?.6) and SPS 50
basic rights and obligations (SPS 2)
applicability to SPS as a whole SPS 20
SPS 2.2 requirements SPS 21
burden of proof, scientific evidence, sufficiency (SPS 5.7) SPS 36, 323
GATT XX(b) and, 2.950, 4.5: see also order of analysis
implementation (SPS 13)
measures taken by body other than central government SPS 446
review and monitoring (SPS 12.7), procedures SPS 441?a href="sps_03_e.htm#445">5
interpretation, applicability to pre-existing situations and measures DSU 1523
object and purpose (preamble)
consistency of measures with SPS obligations SPS 1
harmonization of international standards SPS 3?a href="sps_01_e.htm#5">5
international standards, guidelines and recommendations [as adopted by relevant international organizations] SPS 2
precautionary principle and, 4.6?: see also precautionary principle (SPS Agreement)
prompt compliance with obligations SPS 558
TBT Agreement, applicability to (TBT 1.5) TBT 12?a href="tbt_01_e.htm#14">14
see also SPS Agreement
ad hoc consultations (SPS 12.2) SPS 434?a href="sps_03_e.htm#436">6
cooperation with relevant international organizations (SPS 12.3) SPS 437?a href="sps_03_e.htm#438">8
Decision on Implementation of SPS 4, see also Equivalence Decision on Implementation of SPS 4 (26 October 2001)
establishment WTO 93
monitoring of international standards (SPS 12.4) SPS 439?a href="sps_03_e.htm#440">40
observer status SPS 437
review of implementation and monitoring of SPS Agreement (SPS 12.7) SPS 441?a href="sps_03_e.htm#445">5
rules of procedure (1997) (SPS 12.1) WTO 94, SPS 431
SPS control, inspection and approval procedures (SPS 8 and Annex C)
揳ny procedure to check and ensure? applicability (Annex C(1)(a)) SPS 552?a href="sps_03_e.htm#556">6
comprehensive nature of provision SPS 553
development of SPS measures SPS 552
measures other than 損rocedures? SPS 555
measures prior to 損rocedures? SPS 556
title or characterization of measure, relevance SPS 554
揳ny procedure to check and ensure? applicability (Annex C(1)(b)) SPS 577
揳ny procedure to check and ensure? applicability (Annex C(1)(c)), substantive and control procedures distinguished SPS 584
failure to observe Annex C requirements as breach of SPS 8 SPS 373, 375, 587
individual specimens, requirements relating to (Annex C(1)(e)) SPS 585
information requirements (Annex C(1)(c)), procedures to check compliance with SPS measures, limitation to SPS 584
搉o less favourable manner?(Annex C(1)(a)) SPS 575?a href="sps_03_e.htm#576">6
obligations (Annex C(1)(c))
completeness of documentation SPS 580
explanation of delay SPS 583
processing of deficient applications SPS 582
publication or communication of processing period SPS 579
summary SPS 578
transmission of results SPS 581
risk assessment (SPS 5.2) and SPS 195, 376
搖ndertake and complete?(Annex C(1)(a)) SPS 559?a href="sps_03_e.htm#560">60
搘ithout undue delay?(Annex C(1)(a))
definition SPS 561?a href="sps_03_e.htm#564">4
delay as means of avoiding risk assessment SPS 574
delay and refusal to take SPS action distinguished SPS 571?a href="sps_03_e.htm#572">2
determination SPS 565?a href="sps_03_e.htm#567">7
as good faith obligation SPS 557
legislative delays SPS 573
precautionary principle and SPS 570
prompt compliance with SPS obligations (SPS preamble) and SPS 558
prudence and precaution SPS 568?a href="sps_03_e.htm#569">9
SPS measure, definition/classification as (Annex A(1))
揹irectly related to food safety? SPS 500
揹iseases, disease carrying organisms or disease-causing organisms? SPS 475
environmental protection measures and SPS 462?a href="sps_03_e.htm#464">4
travaux pr閜aratoires SPS 463?a href="sps_03_e.htm#464">4
搇abelling requirements?/p>
applicability to matters other than food safety SPS 497
consistency of requirement with SPS as separate issue SPS 498
purpose SPS 499
搇aws, decrees, regulations, requirements and procedures?/p>
applicability to non-SPS measures SPS 465?a href="sps_03_e.htm#467">7
English, Spanish and French versions compared SPS 454
搃nclude all relevant? SPS 493
ordinary meaning SPS 453
搑equirements and procedures? SPS 495?a href="sps_03_e.htm#496">6
legal form, flexibility SPS 494
legal form and nature, relevance/distinguishability SPS 452?a href="sps_03_e.htm#456">6
搈easure so as to afford protection?(GATT III) compared SPS 469
measure to protect animal or plant life or health (Annex A(1)(a))
揺ntry, establishment or spread? SPS 472
genetically modified organisms and SPS 468
搑isks arising from? SPS 471
搕o protect animal or plant life or health? repetition SPS 470
measure to protect from 搊ther damage?(Annex A(1)(d)) SPS 490
measure to protect human or animal life (Annex A(1)(b)) SPS 10, 486
揳dditive?/p>
Codex definition, relevance SPS 479
genes as SPS 478
allergens as toxins SPS 484?a href="sps_03_e.htm#485">5
揷ontaminants? SPS 480
揻oods, beverages or feedstuffs? SPS 477
ordinary meaning SPS 476
搕oxins?/p>
poisonous effect, relevance SPS 483
搖nintentional addition to food? SPS 481
搈easure to protect human life or health ? from diseases carried by animals, plants or products of 厰 (Annex A(1)(c))
presence of allergens in the environment SPS 488
increased herbicide use associated with GMOs SPS 489
measure to protect a listed issue or prevent/limit specified damage SPS 450
損ests? SPS 473?a href="sps_03_e.htm#474">4
搇iving organism? relevance SPS 474
principal and ancillary measures, distinguishability SPS 458
objectivity SPS 460
relationship between Annex A(1)(a) and A(1)(b) SPS 486
substantive measures and procedural requirements distinguished SPS 459
trade effects, relevance SPS 451
Staff Regulations and Staff Rules (WTO VI:3) WTO 173?a href="wto_agree_03_e.htm#174">4
standard/powers of review (AB) (issues of law and legal interpretations) (DSU 17.6)
completion of the legal analysis, inadequacy of the record/arguendo assumptions DSU 658?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#659">9
completion of the legal analysis in case of DSU 858?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#883">83
agreement with panel DSU 863, 1323
consideration of hypothetical case, exclusion GATS 123
contentiousness/omission/insufficiency of facts DSU 863?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#883">83
disagreement with the panel DSU 866?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#867">7
insufficient argument of novel issue DSU 867
panel抯 analysis going beyond the strictly necessary and DSU 873
panel抯 failure to address correct issue SPS 276, 282, DSU 862
excess of jurisdiction
in absence of claim by party DSU 1419?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1420">20
consideration of treaty provisions other than those cited DSU 424
issues not identified during Panel proceedings DSU 851
issues not litigated before Panel SCM 160
jurisdictional issues: see competence of panels and AB (DSU 3.2/ DSU 11/DSU 17) see also under comp閠ence de la comp閠ence/obligation to address jurisdictional issues [on own motion]
compliance/consistency with treaty obligations DSU 843
assessment of domestic law for purpose of determining DSU 847
搇ike products?(GATT II:2), determination as DSU 841, 859
mixed fact and law DSU 849
panel as trier of facts, 9.5, 17.562, 17.594, 17.601?2, 17.613, 17.845?: see also standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11), 搊bjective assessment of the facts? /alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence
panel抯 classification of measure, relevance DSU 850
legal findings or developed interpretations, limitation to (DSU 17.13) SPS 345, DSU 841, 859, 896?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#898">8
new arguments DSU 855?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#857">7
new evidence DSU 852?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#854">4
non-applicability to covered agreements other than Anti-Dumping Agreement including the SCM and SPS Agreements SCM 703
non-discriminatory administration of QRs (GATT XIII), determination DSU 842
obiter findings of panel DSU 270
reversal of panel findings, effect GATT 876
standard/powers of review (panel) (AD 17.6)
assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i))
AD 3.1 (determination of injury) distinguished AD 187
AD 5.3 (sufficiency of evidence), applicability to AD 367?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#370">70, 940
applicability to investigating authority AD 259, 302, 921
de novo review, exclusion AD 605, 912, 914?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#915">15, VAL 19 n. 34
DSU 11 compared AD 925?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#926">6, DSU 605
搖nbiased and objective? AD 919?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#920">20
揻acts made available?(AD 17.5(ii))
disclosure/discernibility to interested parties by time of final determination, relevance AD 188, 917?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#918">18, 920
documents created for purposes of dispute AD 908
examination to be based on AD 905?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#908">8, 917
limitation to AD 914
undisclosed facts AD 906
interpretation of relevant provisions of AD (AD 17.6(ii))
in accordance with customary rules of interpretation of public international law AD 927
揳dmits of more than one permissible interpretation? AD 329 n. 442, 928?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#934">34, 935?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#937">7, 963
assessment of the facts (AD 17.6(i)) and, cumulative effect AD 938
DSU 11 compared AD 935?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#937">7
investigating authorities?establishment of the facts (AD 17.6(i))
揺stablishment? AD 917
evaluation as at time of determination AD 923?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#924">4
搘as proper? AD 302, 367?a href="anti_dumping_02_e.htm#370">70, 917
scientific evidence, need for sufficient (SPS 2.2): see scientific evidence need for sufficient (SPS 2.2) see also under standard of review
standard/powers of review (panel) (DSU 11)
see also information or technical advice, panel抯 right to seek (DSU 13.1/SPS 11.2); judicial economy; legislation as such, right to challenge (WTO XVI:4); notice of appeal, requirements (ABWP 20(2)); panel reports, rationale/reasons, need for (DSU 12.7); terms of reference of panels (DSU 7)
applicability to Customs Valuation Agreement claims VAL 4
applicability to SG/GATT XIX GATT 800, SG 109, 147?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#153">53, 305?a href="safeguards_03_e.htm#310">10, 313
balance of payments measures (BOP Understanding footnote 1) GATT 755?a href="gatt1994_06_e.htm#759">9
DSU 11 (function of panel) claims and claims relating to substantive provisions distinguished DSU 1429?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1430">30
error of law
application of burden of proof rules DSU 617
equation of 揵ased on?and 揷onform to? SPS 92, 134?a href="sps_02_e.htm#135">5
error not rising to a breach of DSU 11 DSU 596?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#597">7
failure to apply proper standard of review SPS 124?a href="sps_02_e.htm#126">6, DSU 613, 846, 848
failure to make objective assessment of facts distinguished DSU 595
incorrect interpretation of covered agreement SCM 326
rejection of amicus curiae brief DSU 739
搈ake such other findings? DSU 601
搊bjective assessment of the facts?/alleged disregard or distortion of the evidence DSU 605, 846
circumstantial evidence DSU 633?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#635">5
de novo review, exclusion GATT 800, ATC 25, 99, 101, AD 206, 302, 330, 805, VAL 6, SG 109, 147, DSU 609
discretion in assessment of evidence GATT 900, SCM 296, DSU 601?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#612">12
discretion in selection of evidence to refer to explicitly DSU 598, 601, 606, 610
egregious error, need for DSU 608, 610, 613?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#617">17
evidence available to Member at time of ATC 6 determination, limitation to ATC 25, DSU 629
evidence other than that submitted by parties, right to consider DSU 549, 599
facts available at time of establishment of panel, limitation to DSU 1333
methodology for evaluating increase in imports (SG 2.1/GATT XIX:1(a)) SG 35?a href="safeguards_01_e.htm#37">7
obligation to examine and evaluate all the evidence available to it SG 147, 306, DSU 598?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#600">600, 604
public statements by company executives/government officials DSU 636
搊bjective assessment of matter before it?/p>
in absence of relevant jurisprudence (GATS XI) GATS 70
AD 17.6(ii) compared AD 935?a href="anti_dumping_04_e.htm#937">7
adverse effects (SCM 5), doubt about relevant period and SCM 259
all arguments DSU 520?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#522">2, 557, 643
all legal claims (DSU 3.2)
17.598 n. 955, 17.639: see also judicial economy
損ositive solution?requirement (DSU 3.7) and GATS 79, DSU 78
arguendo assumptions and, 17.49?0, 17.657?4: see also arguendo assumptions
Article 21.5-type proceedings and DSU 1277?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1278">8
due process and DSU 613, 618, 618?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#621">21, 680
events during proceedings, exclusion from panel抯 considerations DSU 941?a href="dsu_07_e.htm#942">2
failure to make as abuse of discretion DSU 622
good faith obligation SCM 421
independent assessment DSU 519?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#534">34
in absence of contested claims DSU 522, 524
in absence of party抯 counter-arguments DSU 521
determination of 搒ubsidized product? DSU 525
evaluation of evidence DSU 602
international agreements other than the covered agreements DSU 534
panel抯 right to choose position other than that articulated by parties DSU 520, 523
reference to treaty provisions not cited by parties DSU 519
independent assessment of domestic law DSU 526?a href="dsu_05_e.htm#532">32
independent assessment of expert evidence SPS 41, DSU 538, 609
non-disclosure of confidential information (GATS III bis) GATS 48
reasoned and adequate explanation (SG 4.2(a)) and GATT 800?a href="gatt1994_07_e.htm#802">2, 811, 814, SG 99, 148?a href="safeguards_02_e.htm#151">51
reasoned and adequate explanation (VAL 1) and VAL 5
ex post facto explanation, sufficiency VAL 7
SCM 4.2 (statement of available evidence) and SCM 193
ultra petita finding on provision not before it DSU 537, 618, 680
relevant factors
evaluation of all relevant factors, need for AD 914 n. 1246
position of Member at time of determination ATC 25, AD 914 n. 1246
risk assessment (SPS Agreement), exclusion SPS 38, 122?a href="sps_02_e.htm#129">9, 217
serious damage or actual threat of (ATC 6.2)/SG 4, Member抯 determination of, statement to TMB, admissibility ATC 23?a href="textiles_02_e.htm#24">4
summary of requirements DSU 594
SCM 6.3(a) SCM 267
serious prejudice requirement (SCM 7.2) SCM 267
standing/right to bring claim (DSU 3.7)
see also mutually agreed/acceptable solution to matters raised formally (DSU 3.6), 搘ould be fruitful?(DSU 3.7); request for establishment of panel requirements (DSU 6.2); fruitfulness of action (DSU 3.7)
economic interest, relevance DSU 85, 177
legal interest, relevance DSU 75, 83?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#89">9, 468?a href="dsu_04_e.htm#469">9, 1744?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1745">5
nullification or impairment requirment (DSU 3.8) distinguished DSU 87
State emblems, official hallmarks and emblems of intergovernmental organizations (PC 6ter) TRIPS 27?a href="trips_01_e.htm#28">8
WIPO Copyright Agreement (1996) TRIPS 28
State entity: see Government Procurement Agreement (GPA); definitions; State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles); responsibility for act or omission of
State responsibility as rule/general principle of international law (ILC Articles)
14.227, 17.1588, 17.1599?00: see also 搈easures at issue?(DSU 6.2), any act or omission attributable to a Member, unilateral statements legal effect
countermeasures SCM 221, 223, 227, 331, DSU 1286, 1674 n. 2617, 1694, 1696?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1697">7
legislation as such and DSU 339
proportionality ATC 63, SG 227, DSU 1674 n. 2617, 1696?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1697">7
responsibility for act or omission of
agency with specific official responsibilities and powers/ 損ublic body? DSU 1682?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1683">3
揳gent?/ 搊rgan?of State DSU 1676
constituent part of federal State DSU 1679
customs officials DSU 1681
EU DSU 245
executive DSU 241?a href="dsu_03_e.htm#243">3
government official DSU 1680
ILC Articles and SCM 1.1(a)(1) distinguished DSU 1683
judicial authorities DSU 1684
Member of customs union DSU 245, 1677?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1678">8
private parties DSU 247?a href="dsu_03_e.htm#252">52
State trading enterprises (STEs) (GATT XVII)
see also notification requirements (STEs) (GATT XVII:4/ Understanding on the Interpretation of GATT XVII)
balance of payments restrictions (GATT XII) and GATT 621?a href="gatt1994_05_e.htm#622">2, 723
circumvention of obligations, prevention GATT 721?a href="gatt1994_06_e.htm#722">2
GATT XVII:1(a) and 1(b), interrelationship GATT 729, 731, 734?a href="gatt1994_06_e.htm#735">5
GATT practice GATT 728, 733, 737
搃llustrative list ?for the purposes of Art. XVII? GATT 743
market access, measures required to be converted into ordinary customs duties (AG 4.2 and footnote 1) GATT 753
measures affecting imported products (internal measures) and measure affecting importation (border taxes), difficulty of distinguishing/relevance GATT 211, 720
national treatment, regulatory discrimination (GATT III:4) and GATT 406
non-discriminatory treatment (GATT I general principle) (GATT XVII:1(a)) and GATT 223?a href="gatt1994_02_e.htm#224">4, 724?a href="gatt1994_06_e.htm#728">8
搎uantitative restrictions made effective through state-trading organizations?(Ad Articles XI, XI, XIII, XIV and XVIII) GATT 621?a href="gatt1994_05_e.htm#625">5, 648, 723, 792
GATT practice GATT 752
搒hall be understood to require?(GATT XVII:1(b)) GATT 729?a href="gatt1994_06_e.htm#732">32
揳dequate opportunity? GATT 732
揷ommercial considerations? GATT 731
損articipate in? GPA VIII(c) compared GPA 22
treatment no less favourable than that provided in appropriate schedule (GATT II:1(a)) and GATT 745
GATT practice GATT 746
Understanding on the Interpretation of Article XVII GATT 739?a href="gatt1994_06_e.htm#743">43
State Trading Enterprises (STEs) Working Party
annual reports to Council for Trade in Goods WTO 92 n. 136, GATT 742
establishment WTO 92, GATT 741
mandate GATT 741?a href="gatt1994_06_e.htm#743">3
STE notifications GATT 742
statements of TMB: see Textiles Monitoring Body (TMB); statements relating to
subsidies (GATS XV) GATS 94?a href="gats_03_e.htm#95">5
Working Party on GATS Rules and GATS 95, 214
AG 3.3, 8, 9 and 10 and GATT 715
GATT practice GATT 719
export subsidies as defined in AG and SCM, limitation to (GATT XVI:3) GATT 715
SCM 5(c)/6.3(c) and GATT 714
搒erious prejudice?(GATT XVI:2) GATT 714
subsidy, calculation in terms of benefit to recipient (SCM 14)
揳ny?method (chapeau) SCM 403?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#405">5
揳dequately explained? SCM 403, 407
national legislation/implementing regulations SCM 404, 406
transparency requirement SCM 404, 407
揵enefit?(SCM 1.1(b)) and SCM 59, 87, 92
loan guarantees (SCM 14(c)) SCM 93, 414?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#415">15
loans (SCM 14(b))
actual performance vs conditions at time loan made SCM 413
benchmarks SCM 411?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#412">12
unsecured loan SCM 413
provision of goods or services (SCM 14(d))
benchmarks SCM 412
損revailing market conditions?/benchmarks SCM 416?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#419">19
prior subsidization in the relevant market SCM 420
搖sual investment practice?(SCM 14(a)) SCM 408?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#410">10
inside/outsider investor distinction SCM 410
see also payments on export of agricultural product financed by virtue of governmental action (AG 9.1(c)); subsidy definition (SCM 1) see also under export subsidy, prohibited (AG 3.3) see also under 揻inanced?/p>
footnote 1 and footnote 59, relevance SCM 97?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#98">8
level of subsidy, relevance SCM 372
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) (financial contribution)
conferral of benefit (SCM 1.1(b)) as parallel requirement SCM 9?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#11">11
cumulative nature of SCM 1.1(a)(1) requirements SCM 21, 87
揹irect transfer of funds?(SCM 1.1(a)(1))
debt forgiveness/debt-for-equity swaps SCM 21?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#24">4, 26?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#27">7
medium of exchange, relevance SCM 21
share transfers SCM 25
foregoing of revenues otherwise due (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(ii))
13.5, 13.32?: see also export subsidy commitments, prevention of circumvention (AG 10) see also under 揺xport subsidies ?applied in a manner which results in, or which threatens to lead to, circumvention 厰 (AG 10.1)
national tax rules as normative benchmark SCM 32?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#33">3
搊therwise due?/basis of comparison (揵ut for?test) SCM 32?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#38">8
揼overnment practice?(SCM 1.1(a)(1)(i)) SCM 19?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#20">20
ordinary meaning SCM 27
participation in, responsibility resulting from SCM 18
potential direct transfer of funds (SCM 1.1(a)(1)) SCM 28?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#31">31
loan guarantees as SCM 30?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#31">1
may transfer funds, sufficiency SCM 31
timing of transfer, relevance SCM 29
preparatory work (VCLT 32) SCM 12, 14
損rivate body?(SCM 1.1(a)(1)(iv)), government entrustment or direction, effect SCM 8, 49?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#58">58
provision of goods or services (SCM 1.1(a)(1)(iii))
揼eneral infrastructure? SCM 45?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#47">7
case-by-case approach SCM 46
limitations on access or use, relevance SCM 45?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#47">7
揼oods? SCM 43?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#44">4
損rovides? SCM 40?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#42">2
損rovision?and 損urchase?distinguished SCM 6, 39
損ublic body? classification as
criteria, government authority SCM 17, DSU 1683
government control SCM 16
損rivate body?(SCM 1.1(a)(iv)), difficulty of distinguishing SCM 17 n. 28
損urchases of services?(GATS XIII), exclusion SCM 27, 48, GATS 72, 94
損urchases of services?(GPA preamble), exclusion GPA 2
transactions not qualifying as SCM 14
transactions qualifying as SCM 12?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#15">15
exhaustive nature of SCM 1.1(a)(1) SCM 15
transfer of economic resources from grantor to recipient for less than full consideration AG 84, SCM 12
subsidy, definition (SCM 1.1(b)) (conferral of benefit)
揵enefit? SCM 59?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#69">69
cost to government, relevance SCM 59
market test SCM 60?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#69">9
provision of services not available in the market, whether SCM 80
recipient, need for SCM 59, 87, 92
burden/standard of proof SCM 65, 67?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#69">9
rebuttal of prima facie case SCM 90?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#91">1
fiscal advantages, relevance SCM 78
搃s conferred? SCM 70
OECD Arrangement, relevance of compliance with SCM 79
passing the benefit through
adverse effects (SCM 5) and SCM 258
benefit to recipient test SCM 87
changes in ownership/privatizations SCM 82?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#84">4
揷ountervailing duty?(SCM 10 footnote 36) and SCM 355, 358?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#359">9
sales to unrelated buyers SCM 88?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#89">9
subsidized inputs SCM 85?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#87">7
搑ecipient of a benefit? SCM 63?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#65">5
SCM 14 and SCM 92
SCM Annex IV and SCM 96
SCM Illustrative List, Item (k) and SCM 94?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#95">5
subsidy programmes as such, right to challenge (mandatory/ discretionary distinction) SCM 71?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#77">7, 662?a href="subsidies_05_e.htm#664">4
揳s applied? SCM 71, 81, 172?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#173">3
burden of proof SCM 74?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#77">7
order of analysis SCM 72
SCM 3.1(a) as 搒ubstantive context? SCM 73
揷ertain enterprises?(SCM 2 chapeau) SCM 102?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#104">4
de facto specificity (SCM 2.1(c)) SCM 109?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#114">14
揳ccount be taken of? SCM 112
de facto/de jure distinction, relevance SCM 108
deliberate limitation SCM 109
揹isproportionately large? SCM 113
損redominant use? SCM 114
揺xplicitly limits?(SCM 2.1(a)) SCM 107?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#108">8
individual payments under a generalized programme SCM 105?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#106">6
principles determining (SCM 2.1)
relevant factors other than those listed under SCM 2.1(a) and (b) (SCM 2.1(c)) SCM 111
structure of SCM 2.1/interrelationship between subparagraphs SCM 2.1(a)-(c) SCM 101
regional specificity (SCM 2.2), definition problems SCM 115?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#117">17
subsidy 揷ontingent upon the use of domestic over imported goods?(SCM 2.3/SCM 3.1) SCM 118?a href="subsidies_01_e.htm#121">21
successive treaties relating to the same subject matter (VCLT 30) DSU 1530?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1534">4
搈inor exceptions?doctrine and TRIPS 101
Schedules DSU 1530?a href="dsu_10_e.htm#1532">2
WIPO Copyright Agreement (1996) DSU 1533
sunset review (AD 11.3) (including 搇ikelihood? test)
company-specific determination, need for AD 783?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#785">5
cumulative assessment (AD 3.3), applicability AD 796, 811?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#815">15
de minimis test (AD 5.8), applicability AD 793?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#795">5
determination of likelihood AD 776?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#782">82
causation, relevance AD 805?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#810">10
injury requirement AD 806?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#810">10
likely past dumping AD 777
volume analysis
adequacy of analysis AD 780?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#781">1
analysis from previous review as part 搈easure taken to comply? AD 778?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#779">9
determination of likelihood qualitative assessment AD 816?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#818">18
duration and review of anti-dumping duties (AD 11.2) and AD 749
investigatory role of authorities AD 758?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#759">9
mandatory rule/exception AD 755?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#756">6
methodology
absence of specific provision AD 762?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#771">71, 783, 786
dumping margins, relevance AD 763?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#764">4
搇ikelihood of injury?obligations (AD 3), applicability AD 765?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#768">8
objective assessment (DSU 11) AD 804, 816
investigating authorities?obligation to seek out information AD 818
搊ther factors? importance AD 817
original investigation distinguished AD 757
new factual basis AD 791?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#792">2, 819
overall/separate factor determination AD 801
損ositive evidence? need for AD 759, 760?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#761">1
presumptions, exclusion AD 772?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#776">6
self-initiation, applicability of AD 5.6 evidentiary standards AD 789?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#790">90
time-frame AD 786?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#787">7
a 揷learly foreseen and imminent?change of circumstances (AD 3.7), relevance AD 787
new factual basis and AD 792
specification, relevance AD 788
waiver of right to participate AD 784?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#785">5
zeroing and AD 770?a href="anti_dumping_03_e.htm#771">1
AD 11.2 standard, applicability SCM 494
burden/standard of proof
original investigation requirements (SCM 11 and 12) distinguished SCM 490?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#491">1
SCM 11.6, relevance SCM 365
SCM 11.6, relevance in absence of cross-reference to SCM 369?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#370">70, 489?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#490">90, 498, 499
de minimis standard
termination of investigation provisions (SCM 11.9) distinguished SCM 366?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#373">73, 500?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#501">1
as threshold test SCM 367, 372
original investigation requirements distinguished SCM 490?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#491">1, 497?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#498">8
likelihood test SCM 494?a href="subsidies_03_e.htm#495">5
preparatory work (VCLT 32) SCM 373
self-initiation, right of SCM 488
suspension of concessions for non-implementation of DSB recommendations and rulings (DSU 22)
see also arbitration (DSU 22.6); arbitration (DSU 25); countermeasures in case of failure to comply with panel or AB report within specified time-period (SCM 4.10)
authorization, need for (DSU 3.7, 22.6 and 23.2(c))
security and predictability of WTO obligations (DSU 2) and DSU 47?a href="dsu_01_e.htm#48">8
suspension without authorization as breach of DSU 3.7 DSU 89, 1318
burden of proof in post-suspension position (DSU 22.8/SPS 5.7) DSU 1274?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1276">6
conformity of measure with WTO obligation, obligation to ensure (WTO XVI:4) WTO 289
examples of agreement to DSU 1262?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1273">73
inducement of compliance as objective DSU 47, 1181?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1182">2
as last resort 搒olution?(DSU 3.7) DSU 89, 1306
level equivalent to nullification or impairment (DSU 22.4) DSU 1184, 1205?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1206">6
aggregate effects on suppliers as a whole DSU 1232
揳ppropriate?(GATT 1947: XXIII:2) distinguished DSU 1255, 1260
揳ppropriate?(SCM 4.10) distinguished SCM 233, 234?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#239">9, 253?a href="subsidies_02_e.htm#254">4, DSU 1260, 1283
Article 22.6 Arbitrator抯 right to review DSU 1217
Article 25.3 Arbitrator抯 right to review DSU 1327, 1329?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1330">30
benefits foregone by right holders and Member distinguished DSU 1332
揷arousel?type suspension DSU 1189
changes in level after authorization DSU 1239?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1240">40
comparability of bases, need for DSU 1243
court judgments and DSU 1233, 1269
critical date DSU 1333
deterrent/ 揷hilling?effect DSU 1235
disbursements operating as subsidies DSU 1238
double-counting DSU 1237
economic benefits as measure DSU 1331
揺quivalent?/p>
qualitative test DSU 1250?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1252">2, 1269
quantitative test DSU 1246?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1249">9, 1256
indirect benefits and DSU 975
litigation costs and DSU 1236
lost opportunities, relevance DSU 1223
national treatment provisions (GATT III) distinguished DSU 1223
nullification or impairment (DSU 3.8) distinguished DSU 1223
proportionality and ATC 63
reasoned estimates, need for DSU 1227?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1230">30
responsibility of Member to ensure DSU 1189
SCM 3 and 4 (prohibited subsidies) distinguished SCM 234, 253, DSU 1281
settlement agreements and DSU 1234, 1269
trade effect and DSU 1226
zero level, exclusion DSU 1224
nature and purpose of countermeasures DSU 1177?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1182">82
搊r other obligations? authorization to suspend (DSU 22.2) DSU 1190?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1195">5
搒pecific? DSU 1184?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1185">5, 1196?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1197">7
as retaliatory measure DSU 1251 n. 1949, 1306?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1307">7
review of surveillance of implementation of DSB rulings (DSU 21.5) and DSU 1150
as 搒eeking redress?(DSU 23.1) DSU 1308?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1309">9
suspension in other sectors (DSU 22.3(b))/under other agreements (DSU 22.3(c)), relationship between DSU 1204
suspension in same sector as violation as preferred option (DSU 22.3(a)) DSU 1200?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1201">1
搃f that party considers that it is not practical or effective?(DSU 22.3(b) and (c)) DSU 1202?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1203">3
搒ectors? DSU 1201
as temporary measure (DSU 22.8) WTO 289, DSU 1177, 1179?a href="dsu_08_e.htm#1180">80, 1306, 1319
obligation to engage actively in dispute settlement proceedings DSU 1319
termination as final solution DSU 28
WTO authorization, need for (DSU 3.7, 22.6 and 23.2(c)) DSU 1315?a href="dsu_09_e.htm#1317">17
cumulative nature of DSU 23.2(c) obligations DSU 1316
sustainable development (Doha 6), see also General Exceptions (GATT XX(g)) measures relating to the conservation of exhaustible natural resources
Enabling Clause notifications
GSP schemes GATT 63
special treatment of least-developed countries GATT 79